In recent years, butyrate has been recognized as a SIRT3 inhibitor promoting cancer cell apoptosis and treatment with butyrate inhibited the ability of SIRT3 to deacetylate a synthetic acetylated pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit (PDHA1) peptide containing K336 (Xu et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene SIRT3 and cancer.