PPIG and peripheral neuropathy: In this latter chronic model, repeated CYP administration (25–100 mg/kg each dose) induces peripheral neuropathy in rats, which is characterized by abdominal pain associated with increased mechanical sensitivity in the hind paws and abdominal area, indicative of a central sensitization (Augé et al., 2020; 2021) and similar to the neuropathic pain behavior observed in IC/BPS patients (Fariello and Moldwin, 2015).