TRPV1 and Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1: Interestingly, in the same model, CXCR2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a factor known to be crucial for pain modulation in IC/BPS pathophysiology (Z.Y. Wang et al., 2008b), were found to be markedly expressed in nerve fibers innervating detrusor muscle (Dornelles et al., 2014).