CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Previous studies have confirmed that subpopulations of TILs, such as effector memory and central memory CD8+ cells, effector memory CD4+ cells, natural killer cells, and activated dendritic cells, are associated with good prognosis (Angelova et al., 2015), leading to an improved survival time in NSCLC patients (Thomas et al., 2013; Teng et al., 2015; Teng et al., 2016).