The survival analysis is consistent with these conclusions, and the survival benefits of high PSTPIP1 and PILRA expressions are possibly due to rich TILs, and their influence is also in accord with their positive correlations with PD-L1, which confirms that both the protein and mRNA levels of PD-L1 are associated with increased TILs and OS in NSCLC patients (Velcheti et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene PSTPIP1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.