TNF and cancer: Grants et al. (2020) mentioned that NF-κB, IL6, and TNF were a kind of potential drivers of HSC dysfunction, activating inflammatory signaling in myeloid malignancy. As we know, proinflammatory factors were linked to blast cell growth, and the dysregulation of cytokine signaling contributed to a beneficial AML microenvironment (Binder et al., 2018). Therefore, we think that the effect of the DC-STAMP on potential pathogens is probably associated with the aforementioned signaling pathways.