LPA and atherosclerosis: Extremely high plasma Lp(a) concentrations (>95th percentile) are associated with the highest risk of ASCVD (Kamstrup et al., 2008; Burgess et al., 2018; Loh et al., 2021), CAVD (Kamstrup et al., 2014; Guddeti et al., 2020), and heart failure (Kamstrup and Nordestgaard, 2016) in the general population.