TGFB1 and cancer: Analysis of all exons and selected introns of 410 cancer-associated genes was performed in tumor samples from 336 PDAC patients demonstrated frequent gene alterations of several pathways, including TGF-β, Notch and NF-κB signaling, which are associated with cellular senescence and SASP regulation but can stimulate cancer aggressiveness, chemoresistance and metastasis in PDACs [37, 50].