GLP1R and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The major updates included: 1) SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended in patients with T2DM and HF, particularly those with HFrEF, to reduce hHF, MACE, and CV death and to prevent the progression of CKD, HF, MACE, and CV death in patients with T2DM with CKD; 2) to reduce risk of MACE, GLP-1 receptor agonists can also be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes without established CVD with indicators of high risk, specifically, patients aged 55 years or older with coronary, carotid, or lower extremity artery stenosis > 50%, and left ventricular hypertrophy.