In males, there was a main effect of dementia on microgliosis (Iba1% area covered; Fig. 3B, D, Additional file 3: Figure S3A–C, and Additional file 4: Figure S4A), in which AD and MxD males showed decreased hippocampal microgliosis in several regions (CA1 p < 0.001, CA2 p < 0.0001, CA3 p < 0.01). The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is dementia.