For those 12 genes, six of them (DDO, SEPT9, TMEM45B, RXRα, ZNF395 and AHRR) were previously reported to be implicated in the obesity or related diseases and the rest six were novel (PACRG, LINC00494, KLHL4, DTX1, VCX3A and VSTM1). Here, DDO is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.