Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that older age (> 65 years), LA diameter, AF type (persistent AF), AF history > 5 years, early AF recurrence, TyG index, LDL-C level, hs-CRP level, NT-proBNP level, CHA2DS2-VASc score, APPLE score and DR-FLASH score, were significantly associated with late AF recurrence ( all of the variables, p < 0.05) (Table 3). Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.