TNF and neoplasm: In addition, ELISA in tumor xenograft revealed upregulation of IL-10 (1.8-fold, p < 0.01, n = 6) and downregulation of TNF-α (0.7-fold, p < 0.01, n = 6) in presence of hsa-miR-27a-3p mimic while additional treatment of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against CTGF (sh-CTGF) led to a reduction in IL-10 (0.7-fold, p < 0.01, n = 6) and an increase in (1.6-fold, p < 0.01, n = 6) (p < 0.01, n = 6) (Fig. 7F).