In summary, our study collaboratively suggests that hsa-miR-27a-3p contained in GBM-EVs inhibits EZH1 expression to upregulate KDM3A-mediated CTGF expression, which induces M2 macrophage polarization and further facilitates proliferative, migrative and invasive capabilities of GBM cells (Fig. 8). The gene discussed is EZH1; the disease is glioblastoma.