In the context of C9ORF72-ALS/FTD, aggregation of the RAN translation-derived poly-GA DPRs is one of the proposed mechanisms for inducing proteasome impairment, DNA damage, cognitive disability, motor deficits, pro-inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration, as shown by numerous cell culture and in vivo studies (Mori et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2016; Schludi et al, 2017; Guo et al, 2018; LaClair et al, 2020; Nihei et al, 2020). The gene discussed is RAN; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.