NOS1 and hypospadias: Boys with hypospadias had reduced expression of iNOS (34.5-fold, P = 0.0039) (see Supplementary material online, Figure S5A) and eNOS (58.8-fold, P = 0.007) (see Supplementary material online, Figure S5B) but increased expression of nNOS (3.0-fold, P = 0.008) (see Supplementary material online, Figure S5C) compared with controls.