TNF and COVID-19: Further benefits of volatile anesthetics in COVID-19 patients might depend on the attenuation of lung inflammation and airways dilation: these effects are mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors [32,33] and by a decrease in the macrophage release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 (MIP-2).