INS and cardiovascular disorder: Due to short- and long-lasting health consequences of GDM, such as adverse perinatal-obstetric outcomes and increased risk of subsequent metabolic and cardiovascular disease in mother and child, and the lack of a widely accepted treatment or prevention strategy for GDM (except lifestyle intervention with diet and exercise, and insulin therapy), there is a need to discover early predictors of GDM risk that would allow intervention and prevention in high-risk women.