Besides EPO deficiency, several aspects are nowadays known to be linked to anemia development: repetitive blood loss during each HD procedure [13,14]; functional iron deficiency linked to impaired release of iron stores from the macrophages due to hepcidin overexpression [15,16]; abundance of proinflammatory cytokines in CKD, which further leads to hepcidin overproduction [6,17,18]; impaired hematopoiesis in the bone marrow as a sequel of uremia [19]; and folate and B12 deficiency. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and anemia (phenotype).