IL1B and Alzheimer disease: More recently, JWX-A0108, a novel type I PAM of α7 nAChRs [75], was found to improve cognitive function in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and concomitantly inhibit NF-κB signaling, decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by brain tissue, and suppress the expression of the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1), strongly suggesting that α7 nAChR stimulation suppresses pro-inflammatory activation of microglial and that this anti-inflammatory effect can preserve cognitive function [50] (Table 1).