GDF9 and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: Additionally, the mRNA expression of five ovarian development-related genes (FOXL2, GDF9, LIF, OCT4, and SCF) were measured; FOXL2, OCT4, GDF9, and LIF were significantly downregulated (Figure 4E–H), whereas that of SCF was significantly upregulated in the CTX group compared with the control group (Figure 4I).