PCSK9 and hyperlipidemia: The possible pathways for improving lipemia include the regulation of cholesterol metabolism via decreasing the phosphorylation of p38, followed by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which, in turn, trigger the blockade of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (SREBP2/PCSK9) and the upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoAI), and ATP-binding membrane cassette transport protein A1 (ABCA1).