CFD and colitis: The supplementation of EVs increased the expression of Ptprs (protein–tyrosine phosphatase sigma), Slc6a4(serotonin reuptake transporter mRNA), Defb1 (defensin beta 1), Tafa4 (Tafa chemokine like family member 4), Serpina3k(serine peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3K), Cfd(complement factor D), Usp44 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 44), and CD69 genes and decreased the expression of the Trim27 (tripartite motif containing 27), Lamc2(Laminin subunit γ2), and Traf3 (TNF receptor associated factor 3) genes in DSS-induced colitis.