Individual genes with the greatest upregulation in expression, comparing NEC to formula pups, included IL-22 and CXCL5 (C-X-C motif ligand 5), an activator of neutrophils [43], while reductions in FCGBP (Fc gamma binding protein) and ST6GALNAC1 (ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialytransferase 1), genes both associated with goblet cells, were noted. Here, ST6GALNAC1 is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.