In fact, the total nucleolin levels in the tested cancer cell lines were 2.4- (H1975; p < 0.05), 2.2- (A549; p < 0.05), and 1.5-fold (H441; p = 0.09) higher than in the negative control, the non-tumorigenic cell line MCF12A (Figure 4A). Here, NUCLEOLIN is linked to cancer.