In addition, the downregulation of neutral SMase 2 (NSMase2, also known as SMPD3) contributes to melanoma immune escape to enhance tumor progression, while the overexpression of wild-type nSMase2 enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in both melanoma and breast cancer mouse models [92]. The gene discussed is SMPD3; the disease is neoplasm.