These included IL-1β, IL-9, IL-18, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and TNF-α, cytokines involved in inflammation and activation of immune cells [53,54,55], mobilisation, activation, and survival of myeloid cells [56] and DCs [57] and the promotion of anti-tumour immune responses [58,59,60]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.