EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Recently, there have been a number of clinical trials and retrospective studies on using ICI targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), either alone or in combination with TKI in patients who had EGFR-mutated NSCLC after failure to prior TKIs [34,35,36,37,38,39].