TF and neoplasm: Tumor-specific factors shown to promote CAT include (1) overexpression and secretion of various procoagulant factors by the tumor, including TF and TF-bearing microparticles; (2) activation of platelets and/or leukocytes by tumor-secreted factors, including proinflammatory cytokines; and/or (3) secondary effects of tumor cells on the surrounding vasculature and tissue microenvironment [47,48].