TF and neoplasm: CAT is associated with high levels of TF expression, including the upregulation of TF on the surfaces of tumor cells and their migration into the vascular lumen during vascular invasion and metastasis, TF-positive inflammatory and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, upregulated tumor vasculature TF expression by angiogenic or activated endothelial cells, and the release of TF-bearing microparticles into the blood circulation [50].