Initially in the context of metabolic syndrome, Singh et al. fed inulin to TLR5-deficient (T5KO) mice (which are prone to metabolic syndrome), and 40% of these mice showed lower body weight, fat pad, blood glucose, serum insulin, serum triglycerides, and other markers indicating amelioration of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome [36]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic syndrome.