CXCL8 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In contrast, Akkermansia was represented mostly in healthy individuals, and Bifidobacteria in cirrhotic patients without HCC, and both genera were inversely associated with gut permeability (faecal calprotectin) and peripheral immune responses, including circulating activated circulating macrophages, monocytic MDSCs, chemokines CCL-3, -4, and -5, and cytokines IL-8 and IL-13 [20].