GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Several studies further suggest that, most likely by increasing the bioavailability of GLP-1 and other DPP-IV substrates, gliptins not only improve hyperglycemia but may also have renoprotective, hepatoprotective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects [14,15,16,17,18,19,20], which seems favorable in the context of various pathological states closely associated with type 2 diabetes.