Studies have demonstrated that CyPA is involved in many pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial occlusion, pulmonary arterial hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy [9,10,11,12], as well as inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis [12,13]. Here, PPIA is linked to cardiovascular disorder.