The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of VEGF and EGF and their receptors (VEGFR and EGFR) in the squamous esophageal mucosa in relation to: (1) GERD phenotype, (2) presence of particular types of minimal endoscopic changes, and (3) histologic abnormalities characteristic of GERD. The gene discussed is KDR; the disease is gastroesophageal reflux disease.