TNF and myocardial infarction: In addition, Zhao et al. [205] in their research on human cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) and rats (C57BL/6) have noticed that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) promotes myocardial fibrosis and the expression of various inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA, and numerous proteins that collectively contribute to the occurrence of HF.