TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: After culture of control and IPF fibroblasts in pro-fibrotic rigidities, TGF-β stimulation led to FAK/Akt signalling pathway activation, initiating collagen deposition by gene upregulation of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) along with inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression [24].