In relation to the mechanisms by which sphingolipids mediate activation of inflammasome, Koh et al. indicated that sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) mediates hepatocyte pyroptosis through a novel diacylglycerol (DAG)–protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)–NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) axis in NASH [124]. The gene discussed is NLRC4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.