PTEN and cancer: DJ-1 modulates a classical survival pathway in some cancer cells, namely phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K)/(AKT), by suppressing the activity of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase (PP2A) and PTEN, in turn promoting higher phosphorylation of PKB/Akt, a downstream target of PTEN, thereby supporting the transformation process and cancer cell proliferation and survival [42].