TNF and acute pancreatitis: In a mouse model of lung injury associated with severe acute pancreatitis, DSF was found to inhibit the cleavage of GSDMD, reduce the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18), and significantly decrease the levels of lipase, amylase, TNF-α, and IL-6, ameliorating pancreatic tissue injury and reducing lung inflammation [40].