IGHE and celiac disease: These diseases can be classified into three different pathologies [1]: celiac disease (a chronic autoimmune disorder of the small intestine triggered by gluten and gluten-related proteins, characterized by a specific genotype, as well as autoantibodies); allergy to wheat (i.e., an IgE-mediated immune response to various wheat proteins, not limited to gluten proteins); and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (which is not mediated by the IgE or autoimmune mechanisms, and which usually does not lead to typical intestinal damage).