ESR1 and neoplasm: The use of selective estrogen receptor disruptors (SERDs, ER antagonists, ICIs) has shown to counteract the effects of estradiol on estrogen signaling and subsequently on the immune response cells infiltrating the tumor and its stroma, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), MDSCs and regulatory (Th2) T lymphocytes (Tregs) in cervical carcinoma [209,222,223,246].