CCL5 and Parkinson disease: Sonninen et al. demonstrated that reactivation using TNF-α and IL-1β caused the increased secretion of IL-6 and CCL5 (RANTES) and the up-regulated expression of GFAP and lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) in PD astrocytes to a higher extent, compared to the changes observed in the control astrocytes.