TNF and adenomyosis: By comparing our HSD17B1TG mouse data with previous studies [21,22,23], we observed that several of the genes in TNFα signaling via the NFKB category with the altered expression in the HSD17B1TG mice are also regulated by estrogens or progestins, suggesting that adenomyosis-associated inflammation may be hormonally primed in both HSD17B1TG uterus and human adenomyosis.