ELF3 and adenomyosis: These changes immediately preceded the adenomyosis phenotype in HSD17B1TG mice and were associated with prolonged estrogenic stimulation as indicated by the uterine upregulation of the estrogen-dependent genes in the HSD17B1TG uterus, such as Klf4 and Elf3 [22,33,34], the locally increased intra-uterine E2 biosynthesis and the endometrial hyperplasia phenotype [16].