The structurally related peptide VIP also seems to target similar pathways in microglia, as demonstrated in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease, where the authors showed that VIP inhibited inflammation by blocking the signalling of p38 MAPK, p42/p44 MAPK, and NF-κB intracellular cascades [186]. The gene discussed is VIP; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.