More specifically, this work aims to highlight the role of two neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), as key regulators of microglial responses during CNS demyelination, portraying the potential of these molecules to become therapeutic targets for MS. This evidence concerns the gene ADCYAP1 and myeloid sarcoma.