ATXN2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Although more than a dozen genes have been implicated in ALS pathogenesis, some of the most studied mutations involve TARDBP, FUS, C9ORF72, syntaxin (SETX), and ataxin 2 (ATXN2), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and matrin 3 (MATR3) genes [85].