S100A1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, recent studies in human subjects examined circulating concentrations of RAGE ligands involved in cardiac complications (AGEs, S100B, S100A1, S100A6, and the pro-apoptotic Fas ligand (FasL)); the authors reported that in middle-aged patients with T2D, higher levels of circulating S100B, AGEs and FasL and lower levels of sRAGE, S100A1 and S100A6 were observed when compared to patients with normal or impaired glucose tolerance who did not have T2D [89].