Participants who fulfilled the following criteria were identified as T2D [14]: (1) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, (2) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7 mmol/L; (3) during an oral glucose tolerance test, 2-hplasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L; (4) self-report questionnaire data indicating physician diagnosis of diabetes; and (5) lower blood glucose by current use of insulin or diabetes pill. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.