As for molecular genetics, significantly increased odds of EM AML were found for PTPN11 (OR: 2.46 [95%-CI: 1.50–4.03], p < 0.001), NPM1 (OR: 1.66 [95%-CI:1.24–2.22], p < 0.001), and FLT3-ITD (OR: 1.72 [95%-CI: 1.27–2.34], p < 0.001) with an increase in FLT3-ITD ratio leading to a corresponding increase in the odds of EM AML (Additional file 1: Fig. S1E). Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.