Clinical studies have shown that defects in type I interferon (IFN) production or antibodies to IFN appear to correlate with severe COVID-19 infection61, and anti-IFN antibodies in critical COVID-19 correlate with a poor interferon signature gene response and upregulation of LAIR-1, an inhibitory C1q receptor in PBMCs62. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and COVID-19.