CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Interestingly, Helicobacter pylori (HP) can induce PD-L1 expression on gastric epithelial cells [43] and, in a large pooled analysis including 1512 patients with NSCLC randomly receiving atezolizumab or docetaxel, treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) was demonstrated to be specifically associated with a poorer outcome in patients treated with ICPIs [44].