MAPK3 and lung carcinoma: Besides, DMF has also been shown some anticancer abilities in serval cancers such as melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancers by targeting Nrf2, NF-κB, ERK1/2, and miRNA pathway (Yamazoe et al., 2009; Xie et al., 2015; Kastrati et al., 2016).