TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Initial studies demonstrated that administration of trichostatin A (TSA), a pan inhibitor of class I and II HDACs, significantly inhibited EMT and attenuated renal fibrosis by downregulation of TGF-β1 expression and inhibition of the JNK/Notch-2 signaling pathways (Ma et al., 2009; Tung et al., 2017), as well as preservation of E-cadherin expression (Yoshikawa et al., 2007).