TIMP2 and brain ischemia: He et al. (2020) uncovered that curcumin-laden exosomes alleviated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. In another study, Mondal et al. (2019) discovered that tetrahydrocurcumin epigenetically mitigated mitochondrial dysfunctions by regulating the mitochondrial tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) through hypermethylation of the CpG islands of TIMP-2 promoter. Furthermore, curcumin can relieve Ca2+ dysregulation (Shukla et al., 2008), which may be associated with the inactivation of the P2X7 receptor (Wang Z. et al., 2020).