The latter deubiquitinase/DUB and deISGylase activities enable use of methodologies, tools and assays developed for current drug discovery efforts that target human DUBs, which have emerged as drug targets for a variety of conditions from cancer (Fraile et al., 2012) to neurodegenerative diseases (Schmidt et al., 2021); however to date only few DUB inhibitors have entered into clinical trials and none have been approved for use in humans (Schauer et al., 2020). The gene discussed is ZUP1; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.